1Shigakkan University, Department of Sports and Physical Education, Obu, Japan
Age and Sex Differences in Shot Distribution and Accuracy in International 3x3 Basketball Tournaments
Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med. 2023, 12(1), 11-16 | DOI: 10.26773/mjssm.230302
Abstract
This study aimed to (a) investigate shot distribution and accuracy in international 3x3 basketball tournaments by classifying shot attempts into three types (two-point, mid-range, and paint shots) and (b) compare them among age and sex categories (senior men, senior women, under-18 men, and under-18 women). Ninety-one games from the FIBA 3x3 World Cup 2019 and the FIBA 3x3 Under-18 World Cup 2019 were analyzed using a notational analysis method. The Mann-Whitney U test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to compare shot attempts and success rates between categories. There were no sex differences in the success rates of two-point and mid-range shots (p<0.05). However, male teams attempted more two-point shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.40 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.21 (small effect size)] and fewer mid-range shots [senior men vs. senior women, p<0.01, r = 0.36 (medium effect size); under-18 men vs. under-18 women, p<0.01, r = 0.34 (medium effect size)] than female teams. Differences between senior and under-18 teams in shot distribution were only observed in men’s tournaments: senior teams attempted more two-point shots [p<0.01, r = 0.25 (small effect size)] and fewer paint shots [p = 0.04, r = 0.19 (small effect size)] than under-18 teams. Male teams were superior to female teams in terms of scoring efficiency. However, the career transition from youth to senior tournaments may be smoother for girls than boys because of the similarity in the shot selection between under-18 and senior games.
Keywords
Basketball, 3x3, notational analysis, game-related statistics, shooting
View full article
(PDF – 760KB)
References
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289-300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
Cohen, J. (1988). The Effect Size: r. In Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (pp. 77-82). Routledge.
Conte, D., Straigis, E., Clemente, F. M., Gómez, M.-Á., & Tessitore, A. (2019). Performance profile and game-related statistics of FIBA 3x3 Basketball World Cup 2017. Biology of Sport, 36(2), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.83007
Erčulj, F., Vidic, M., & Leskošek, B. (2019). Shooting efficiency and structure of shooting in 3 × 3 basketball compared to 5v5 basketball. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119887722
Ferioli, D., Conte, D., Scanlan, A. T., & Vaquera, A. (2022). Technical-Tactical Demands of 3 × 3 International Basketball Games According to Game Outcome, Player Sex, and Competition Phase. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004282
Figueira, B., Mateus, N., Esteves, P., Dadelienė, R., & Paulauskas, R. (2022). Physiological Responses and Technical-Tactical Performance of Youth Basketball Players: A Brief Comparison between 3x3 and 5x5 Basketball. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 21(2), 332-340. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.332
Giovanini, B., Conte, D., Ferreira-Junior, A., & Nascimento, V. B. (2021). Assessing the key game-related statistics in Brazilian professional basketball according to season phase and final score difference. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 21(2), 295-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1881358
Goldsberry, K. (2019). Mapping the geography of the NBA. In Sprawlball: A Visual Tour of the New Era of the NBA (pp. 2-34). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
International Basketball Federation. (2018). FIBA statisticians’ manual 2018.
Koh, K. T., Wang, C. K. J., & Mallett, C. J. (2012). Discriminating Factors between Successful and Unsuccessful Elite Youth Olympic Female Basketball Teams. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 12(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2012.11868588
Madarame, H. (2021). Shot Distribution and Accuracy in Senior and Youth International Basketball Games: Changes over the Decade of the 2010s. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9900. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189900
McGown, R. B., Ball, N. B., Legg, J. S., & Mara, J. K. (2020). The perceptual, heart rate and technical-tactical characteristics of 3 × 3 basketball. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(5-6), 772-782. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120930916
Montgomery, P. G., & Maloney, B. D. (2018). 3x3 Basketball: Performance Characteristics and Changes During Elite Tournament Competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13, 1349-1356. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0011
Ortega, E., Ortín, M., Giménez-Egido, J. M., & Gómez-Ruano, M. (2021). Technical-Tactical Performance Indicators During the Phases of Play in 3x3 Basketball. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 30(2), 187-194. http://mail.rpd-online.com/index.php/rpd/article/view/366
Pojskić, H., Šeparović, V., Muratović, M., & Užičanin, E. (2014). The relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy of professional basketball players. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 20, 408-417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742014000400007
R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Raval, K. M. R., & Pagaduan, J. C. (2021). Factors that Differentiate Winning and Losing in Men’s University Basketball. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.210902
Sampaio, J., Ibáñez, S. J., & Lorenzo, A. (2013). Basketball. In T. McGarry, P. O'Donoghue, & J. Sampaio (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sports performance analysis (pp. 357-366). Routledge.
Shea, S. (2014). The Fundamental Principle of Efficiency. In Basketball Analytics: Spatial Tracking (pp. 35-62). Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.
Snoj, L. (2021a). The Rise of 3x3 and Its History. In 3x3 Basketball: Everything You Need to Know (pp. 34-72). Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd.
Snoj, L. (2021b). Statistical Analysis and Advanced Data Analytics. In 3x3 Basketball: Everything You Need to Know (pp. 140-173). Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd.
Tang, W. T., & Shung, H. M. (2005). Relationship between isokinetic strength and shooting accuracy at different shooting ranges in Taiwanese elite high school basketball players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 13, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2005-0200