Vjekoslav Cigrovski1, Nikola Prlenda1, Ivan Radman2

1University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology of Sports, Zagreb, Croatia
2University of Vienna, Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise Physiology, Vienna, Austria

Future of Alpine Skiing Schools-gender related programs

Budućnost škola alpskog skijanja - programi orjentisani na rodne razlike

Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med. 2014, 3(1), 5-8

Abstract

Gender differences in anthropological characteristics may influence success in adopting skiing skill if different teaching met¬hods are applied. This study aimed to determine the difference between the level of adopted skiing skill for female and male ski-be¬gin¬ners applying 2 different teaching programs. 126 subjects (30 females; 96 males), average age 23,3±1,6 years participated in 7 days ski-school. Within the male and female group ski-teaching was carried out using 2 different methods: combination method [CM], which implies using of snowplough and parallel ski technique, and direct method [DM], where only parallel ski technique is used. Following the learning process, subjects were tested through 7 elements of skiing technique. For female subjects no diffe¬ren¬ce between two teaching models was recorded, while CM appeared to be more efficient for males in elements traversing to the right (p=0,03), short turn (p<0,05) and parallel turn (p=0,01). Through factor analysis 7 main components were extracted, the first being defined as total skiing knowledge [TSK]. TSK was then compared to two programs carried out on males and females. Diffe¬ren¬ce was determined in the level of TSK for male who learned through CM in comparison to the participants who were learning through the DM (p=0,01), while no difference in the same variable was determined for female. These findings lead to conclusion that using CM in men achieved better results compared to the DM. For the practice, it means that it is not necessary to separate ma¬le and female while forming ski groups for beginner skiers, since females will advance the same, regardless of the learning method.

Keywords

learning methods, beginner skiers, females, gender diferences

Abstract (MNE)

Rodne razlike u antropološkim osobinama mogu uticati na uspjeh u usvajanju vještine skijanja ako se primjenjuju različiti metodi nastave. Ova studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi razliku između nivoa usvojene vještine skijanja kod početnika ženskog i muškog pola koji su pratili dva različita nastavna programa. Studija je obuhvatila 126 ispitanika (30 ženskog i 96 muškog pola), prosječne starosti 23,3 ±1,6 godina. Oni su učestvovali u sedmo-dnevnoj školi skijanja. U okviru grupnog nastave skijanja za žene i muškarce primijenjena su dva različita metoda: metod kombinovanja [CM], koji je podrazumijevao korišćenje pluga i paralelne tehnike skijanja, i direktni metod [DM], kod kojeg je korišćena, isključivo paralelna tehnika skijanja. Nakon završetka nastave, ispitanici su testirani kroz sedam tehničkih elemenata skijanja. Kod ispitanika ženskog pola se pojavila razlika kod oba modela nastave, dok se metod kombinovanja pokazao kao efikasniji za ispitanike muškog pola kod sljedećih tehnički elemenata: zaokret udesno (p=0,03), kratki zaokret (p<0,05) i paralelni zaokret (p=0,01). Dalje je faktorskom analizom izolovano sedam glavnih komponenti, prije svega ukupno skijaško znanje [TSK] koje je, zatim upoređeno sa dva primijenjena programa koji su izvedeni sa muškarcima i ženama. Razlika je utvrđena na nivou ukupnog skijaškog znanja u korist muškaraca koji su obučavani metodom kombinovanja, u odnosu na ispitanike koji su obučavani direktnom metodom (p=0,01), dok razlike na kod ženske populacije nije bilo. Ovi nalazi upućuju na zaključak da je korišćenje metoda kombinovanja kod muškaraca doveo do boljih rezultata u odnosu na direktni metod. Kada je praktična primjena ovih znanja u pitanju, to bi trebalo da znači da nije neophodno da se odvajaju muškarci i žene prilikom formiranja grupa u školi skijanja za početnike, budući da će žene napredovati bez obzira na metod obučavanja.

Keywords (MNE)

metodi obučavanja, početnici, žene, rodna raznolikost



View full article
(PDF – 189KB)

References

1. LEŠNIK B, MUROVEC S, GAŠPERIĆ B. Opredelitev oblik drsenja in smučanja. In: Proceedings (Smučanje danes, Ljubljana: ZUTS, 2002). – 2. MATKOVIĆ B, FERENČAK S, ŽVAN M. Skijajmo zajedno. (Europapress holding i FERBOS inženjering, Zagreb, 2004). – 3. PIŠOT R, VIDAMŠEK M. Smučanje je igra. (Združenje učiteljev in trenerjev smučanja Slovenije, Ljubljana, 2004). – 4. MUROVEC S. Na kanto!: UPS – učenje s podaljševanjem smuči. (Format Kranj. Kranj, 2006). – 5. NOURRIT D, DELIGNIERES D, CAILLOU N, DESCHAMPS T, LAURIOT B. On discontinuities in motor learning: a longitudinal study of complex skill acquisition on a ski-simulator. Journal of Motor Behavior, 35 (2003) 151. – 6. MALLIOU P, AMOUTZAS K, THEODOSIOU A, GIOFTSIDOU A, MANTIS K, PYLIANIDIS T, KIOUMOURTZOGLOU E. Proprioceptive training for learning downhill skiing. Perceptual Motor Skills, 99 (2004) 149. – 7. TEULIER C, NOUTTIT D, DELIGNIERES D. The evolution of oscillatory behavior during learning on a ski simulator. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 77 (2006). 464. – 8. LEŠNIK B, ŽVAN M. A turn to move on, theory and methodology of alpine skiing. (SZS-ZUTS, Ljubljana, 2010). – 9. SLATER A. TIGGEMANN M. Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. J Adolesc, 34 (2011). 455. – 10. LOLAND S. Alpine skiing technique – practical knowledge and scientific analysis. In: Proceedings (Science and skiing IV, Oxford: Meyer and Meyer Sport, 2009). – 11. LEMASTER R, Ultimate skiing (Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics, 2010). – 12. LEMASTER R. Applications of physics education research to skiing pedagogy for coaches and instructors. In: Proceedings (Science and skiing IV, Oxford: Meyer and Meyer Sport, 2009). – 13. OREB G, VLAŠIĆ J, CIGROVSKI V, PRLENDA N, RADMAN I. Relationship between rhythm and learning alpine skiing technique. In: Proceedings (Physical education in the 21st century-pupils competencies, Zagreb: Hrvatski Kineziološki savez, Zagreb, 2011). – 14. CIGROVSKI V, MATKOVIC B, RADMAN I. Different ways of learning basic forms of gliding and ski turns. In: Proceedings (4th International Conference Contemporary Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology University of Split, Split, 2012). – 15. TATE D. Parallel dreams alpine skiing. (Parallel dreams publishing, Ireland, 2007).- 16. CARR G. Sport mechanics for coaches. Chamoaing, IL USA: Human Kinetics (2004).- 17. LEWANDOWSKI K. (2006). The influence of the infrastructure of selected ski resorts on the course of curricular training of students. Research Yearbook, 12 (2006) 243.