Mario Jelicic1, Ognjen Uljevic1, Natasa Zenic1

1University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia

Pulmonary Function in Prepubescent Boys: The Influence of Passive Smoking and Sports Training

Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med. 2017, 6(1), 65-72

Abstract

In this paper, we studied prepubescent boys (N = 75; 11.3 years ± 2 months) divided into three groups: two experimental groups and age-paired, non-systematically physically engaged controls (N = 25). The experimental groups consisted of 27 basketball players, and of 23 dinghy sailors. The pulmonary function was established measuring the large airway variables (inspiratory-vital-capacity, forced-vital-capacity, one-second-forced-expiratory-volume) and small airway variables (peak-expiratory-flow, and maximal-expiratory-flow after 50% and 75% exhalation). All variables were measured in absolute values and then presented and compared in relative values - predicted for age and stature. Using the simple originally constructed questionnaire, passive smoking status was observed, and the subjects were additionally sub-sampled as passive smokers, or non-exposed to passive smoking. The multivariate- analysis-of-the-variance (MANOVA) showed significant dominance (p < 0.05) of the experimental groups in the large airways variables and small airways variables, for the NS exclusively. No significant MANOVA differences were found between the basketball players and sailors, and between the non-exposed to passive smoking and passive smoking in any of the studied groups. The results of the present study indicate a positive influence of the systematic physical exercising on the pulmonary function, with no differential effects of the two-year basketball and dinghy sailing sports training on the pulmonary function.

Keywords

Respiratory Status, Children, Kinesiology, Factor Analysis, Test Construction, Croatia.



View full article
(PDF – 785KB)

References

Apostolidis, N., Nassis, G. P., Bolatoglou, T., & Geladas, N. D. (2006). Physiological and technical characteristics of elite young basketball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 44(2), 157-163.

Bek, K., Tomac, N., Delibas, A., Tuna, F., & Tezic, H. T. (1999). The effect of passive smoking on pulmonary function during childhood. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 75(884), 339-341.

Boskabady, M. H., Tashakory, A., Mazloom, R., & Ghamami, G. (2004). Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8–18 years. Respirology, 9(4), 535-542.

Cook, D. G., Strachan, D. P., & Carey, I. M. (1998). Parental smoking and spirometric indices in children. Thorax, 53(10), 884-893.

Courteix, D., Obert, T., Lecoq, A. M., Guenon, P., & Koch, G. (1997). Effect of intensive swimming training on lung volumes, airway resistances and on the maximal expiratory flow-volume relationship in prepubertal girls. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 76(3), 264–269.

Dowda, M., Ainsworth, B. E., Addy, C. L., Saunders, R., & Riner, W. (2001). Environmental Influences, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in 8- to 16-Year-Olds. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 155(6), 711-717.

Elberg, J., Mcduffie, J. R., Sebring, N. G., Salaita, C., Keil, M., Robotham, D., . . . Yanovski, J. A. (2004). Comparison of methods to assess change in children’s body composition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(1), 64-69.

Goic-Barisic, I., Bradaric, A., Erceg, M., Barisic, I., Foretic, N., Pavlov, N., & Tocilj, J. (2006). Influence of passive smoking on basic anthropometric characteristics and respiratory function in young athletes. Collegium Antropologicum, 30(3), 615–619.

Haby, M. M., Peat, J. K., & Woolcock, A. J. (1994). Effect of passive smoking, asthma, and respiratory infection on lung function in Australian children. Pediatric pulmonology, 18(5), 323–329.

Hoff, J., Kemi, O. J., & Helgerud, J. (2005). Strength and Endurance Differences Between Elite and Junior Elite Ice Hockey Players. The Importance of Allometric Scaling. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(7), 537-541.

Knudson, R. J., Slatin Rc, R. C., Lebowitz, M. D., & Burrows, B. (1976). The Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curve. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 113(5), 587-600.

Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity (Second ed.): Human Kinetics.

Markovic, G., & Jaric, S. (2004). Movement performance and body size: the relationship for different groups of tests. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(1), 139–149.

Merkus, P. J., Ten Have-Opbroek, A. A., & Quanjer, P. H. (1996). Human lung growth: A review. Pediatric pulmonology, 21(6), 383–397.

Mukhopadhyay, A., Bhadra, M., & Bose, K. (2005). Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents of Kolkata, West Bengal. Journal of Human Ecology, 18(3), 213-216.

Nourry, C., Deruelle, F., Guinhouya, C., Baquet, G., Fabre, C., Bart, F., . . . Mucci, P. (2004). High-intensity intermittent running training improves pulmonary function and alters exercise breathing pattern in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(4), 415-423.

Nuhoglu, C., Gurul, M., Nuhoglu, Y., Karatoprak, N., Sonmez, E. O., Yavrucu, S., & Ozguner, A. (2003). Effects of passive smoking on lung function in children. Pediatrics International, 45(4), 426–428.

Peric, M., Cavar, M., Zenic, N., Sekulic, D., & Sajber, D. (2014). Predictors of competitive achievement among pubescent synchronized swimmers: an analysis of the solo-figure competition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 54(1) 16-26.

Rizzi, M., Sergi, M., Andreoli, A., Pecis, M., Bruschi, C., & Fanfulla, F. (2004). Environmental tobacco smoke may induce early lung damage in healthy male adolescents. Chest, 125(4), 1387-1393.

Sekulic, D., Krstulovic, S., Katic, R., & Ostojic, L. (2006). Judo Training is More Effective for Fitness Development Than Recreational Sports for 7-Year-Old Boys. Pediatric Exercise Science, 18, 329-338.

Sekulic, D., Medved, V., Rausavljevi, N., & Medved, V. (2006). EMG analysis of muscle load during simulation of characteristic postures in dinghy sailing. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 40, 20-27.

Sekulic, D., & Tocilj, J. (2006). Pulmonary Function in Military Divers: Smoking Habits and Physical Fitness Training Influence. Military Medicine, 171(11), 1171-1175.

Sekulic, D., Viskic-Stalec, N., & Rausavljevic, N. (2003). Non-linear relations between selected anthropological predictors and psycho-physiological exercise-responses. Collegium Antropologicum, 27(2), 587–598.

Sekulic, D., Zenic, N., & Markovic, G. (2005). Non Linear Relationships between Anthropometric and Motor-Endurance Variables. Collegium Antropologicum, 29(2), 723-730.

Sherrill, D. L., Martinez, F. D., Lebowitz, M. D., Holdaway, M. D., Flannery, E. M., Herbison, G. P., . . . Sears, M. R. (1992). Longitudinal Effects of Passive Smoking on Pulmonary Function in New Zealand Children. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 145(5), 1136-1141.

Wang, X., Wypij, D., Gold, D. R., Speizer, F. E., Ware, J. H., Ferris Jr, B. G., & Dockery, D. W. (1994). A longitudinal study of the effects of parental smoking on pulmonary function in children 6-18 years. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149(6), 1420-1425.

Zinman, R., & Gaultier, C. (1987). Maximal static pressures and lung volumes in young female swimmers: One year follow-up. Pediatric pulmonology, 3(3), 145–148.